Semipalatinsk‑21 and the Cold War: The Hidden Heart of Soviet Nuclear Research
Hidden deep within the vast Kazakh steppe, Semipalatinsk‑21, later known as Kurchatov, was once one of the most secretive locations in the Soviet Union. For decades, it appeared on no maps, guarded by military checkpoints and protected by layers of classified protocols. Between 1949 and 1989, the surrounding nuclear test site, known simply as the…










